Responsible Fibres and Materials Glossary
Our Fibres and Materials Glossary shares the fibres, materials and processes most commonly used
in our business, acknowledging the journey we are on. Similarly, we are converting to production
processes that help to reduce energy, water, carbon and chemicals in their processing.
Our work extends to actively seeking new and innovative materials, while we look to phase out
the use of conventional materials.
Cotton
Recycled cotton — Produced by turning discarded textiles into
new cotton yarn, recycled cotton helps to divert waste from landfill. Generally, it comes from two
main sources: pre-consumer waste and post-consumer waste.
Organic cotton — Organic cotton is cotton that is produced and certified to
organic agricultural standards. Its production sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people
by using natural processes rather than artificial inputs. Organic cotton farming does not allow the
use of toxic chemicals or GMOs.
Australian cotton — Cotton grown and manufactured in Australia is one of the
most water-efficient cotton growing countries in the world, thanks to a range of innovations
including reducing evaporation and precision irrigation. We’re supporting our homegrown cotton
industry.
Africa cotton — This sustainable cotton program launched in 2014 in Kwale
County, Kenya in partnership with Business for Development and has since expanded to
Mozambique.
Better cotton — Better Cotton is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to
raising the sustainability standard of cotton production globally. Better Cotton is sourced via a
system of mass balance and is not physically traceable to end products.
Synthetic Fibres
Recycled polyester — Recycled polyester is most commonly sourced
from waste PET material. It helps to reduce plastic waste and prevent it from ending up in our
oceans and landfills. It can also be sourced from used textiles such as clothing and
upholstery.
Recycled polyamide — Industrial waste makes up a large part of recycled
polyamide production. This can include pre- and post-consumer waste such as discarded fishing nets,
recycled PET and fabric waste. Sourcing recycled polyamide helps to repurpose waste and reduce the
environmental impact of producing new polyamide fibres.
Recycled polyurethane — Produced through mechanical or chemical recycling of
discarded fabrics. Most commonly used to replicate leather.
REPREVE® polyester — REPREVE® recycled performance fibre is produced
through turning plastic bottles into yarn. The yarn can then be spun or woven into new products,
diverting plastic bottles from landfill.
Plastic Materials
Recycled polystyrene, recycled polyethylene, recycled polypropylene, recycled
polyethylene vinyl acetate, recycled thermoplastic polyurethane, recycled PET —
There are several forms of plastic materials as listed on the left. These types of recycled plastics
are most commonly produced through the collection of pre- and post-consumer plastic waste. They are
mechanically or chemically processed into chips or flakes which are able to be repurposed into
various plastic yarns or materials. Sourcing recycled plastic alternatives reduces reliance on
virgin petroleum as a raw material and helps to diverts used plastic from landfills. They also
produce less greenhouse gas emissions versus creating and processing virgin plastic and reduce water
usage during producti
TRITAN™ RENEW plastic — TRITAN™ RENEW plastic technology
processes single-use waste into high performance, food-safe materials that are highly durable,
dishwasher safe, and free of BPA, BPS and BPF chemicals.
Viscose Fibres
LENZING™ TENCEL™ Modal — Wood pulp from
responsibly-managed forests is transformed into LENZING™ Modal fibres. Trees such as beech
wood are harvested, chipped and chemically processed to form cellulose, which is then made into pulp
sheets and spun into yarns.
This process reduces energy and water consumption during production compared to traditional fibres,
with land usage significantly reduced in comparison to traditional fibres as well.
LENZING™ ECOVERO™ viscose — LENZING™ viscose fibres are
derived from certified renewable wood sources using up to 50% lower emissions and water impact than
generic viscose production.
BIRLA CELLULOSE™ Liva Reviva — These viscose fibres are superior in
terms of low water intensity, land-use efficiency, potential for circularity and versatility in
applications. It is based on naturally occurring cellulose from wood, from sustainably-managed
forests and made using a closed-loop system which minimises the use of chemicals, water and
energy.
Tangshan Sanyou viscose — Viscose fibres that are sourced through supply
chains that ensure raw materials come from responsibly-managed forests.
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified viscose fibres — FSC-Certified
viscose fibres are made with wood pulp from responsibly-managed plantations.
Other Plant Fibres
Hemp — A fast-growing fibre that’s highly renewable and
requires significantly less water to grow than cotton. Hemp plants are natural pest repellents, so
there’s no need for pesticides, herbicides or chemical fertilisers. It can be blended with
other natural fibres to create fabrics that are durable for longer wear and stay super soft.
Linen — Linen is derived from the flax plant. It is considered to have a
lower negative environmental footprint as it is a resilient crop and can grow in poor soil
conditions while using less water in its consumption than cotton.
Animal Fibres
Australian wool — Refers to Australian sourced merino wool.
Australia is the largest producer of Merino wool in the world. With a commitment to responsible
practices and animal welfare, Australia is also the largest producer of non-mulesing wool in the
world.
Recycled wool — Recycled wool is wool that has been reprocessed from
reclaimed wool fibres and fabrics. To make recycled wool, the wool fibres are shredded and re-spun
into yarns. It reduces textile waste to landfill.
Paper and Cardboard
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified mix virgin and recycled
paper — Made from a mixture of materials from FSC-certified forests, recycled
materials and/or FSC-controlled wood.
While controlled wood doesn’t come from FSC-certified forests, it mitigates the risk of the
material originating from unacceptable sources.
FSC certification ensures that the wood is sourced from forests that are responsibly managed
including, but not limited to, water and energy use, as well as the end product’s overall
environmental rating.
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified virgin paper — All materials used
come from responsibly managed, FSC-certified forests.
Recycled paper and cardboard — Recycled paper is paper that is remade into
paper again. It can come from preor post-consumer waste.
Recycled paper/cardboard is collected and mixed with water. Like an extremely large blender,
rotating fins in the pulper reduce the paper to individual fibres, producing a paper slurry. That
paper pulp is then washed and refined.
Stock Fabrics
Polyester, cotton, viscose and polyurethane — Stock fabrics are those that are leftover, unwanted or overstocked. We reclaim these fabrics to reduce the environmental impact of producing something new.
Metals
Recycled metal — Metal pieces that are shredded into flakes and
then melted down at high temperatures to produce blocks, ingots or sheets to be repurposed. It uses
less energy, reduces carbon emissions and less water compared to raw materials.
Nickle-free metal — Nickel deposits are typically found in low-grade ores,
making it a highly energy intensive process to extract and refine the metal. Nickel has high
greenhouse gas emissions, habitat destruction, and contamination of air, water and soil.
Reduced Water Washing
Ozone wash — G2 Ozone technology that uses oxygen to generate
ozone gas, which has natural bleaching capabilities. It substantially reduces the consumption of
water, energy, chemicals, enzymes and stones.
Laser — This technology can achieve precise, repeatable bleaching and can
replicate wear effects without water, chemicals or stones. It also helps to eliminate harmful
processes that affect workers' health, such as sandblasting, hand sanding and potassium permanganate
sprays.
Nanobubble — Also known as e-Flow system, this technology transforms oxygen
into nanobubbles of air that act as a carrier to apply various finishing effects with minimal
amounts of water and chemicals.
Natural drying — Rooftop drying systems help to reduce the need for machine
drying, which uses a lot of energy. This is done by integrated hangers that move garments around to
dry them.
Plating
UV plating — UV plating is a process which allows us to reduce the water usage in jewellery plating.
Learn more in our Good Report.